الابادة الجماعية في حلبجة

Authors:

  • Lima Ibraheem Aziz Husein
  • ORCID:
Keywords:

The city of Halabja, The attack on Halabja, The meaning of genocide ,Legal penalties

Abstract:

Halabja:
It is an Iraqi city located in the Kurdistan region of Iraq, near the Iranian border, about 8-10 miles away, 150 miles away from Baghdad and located in the southeast of the city of Sulaymaniyah. It is one of the important cities that contains many mosques, shrines and shrines.
In 1985, this city was subjected to the former regime's aerial bombardment, where more than 450 Kurdish villages were bombed, 300 citizens executed within one month, and internationally prohibited chemical weapons were used.
The Iraqi regime’s violations of human rights continued to reach their climax in 1988, which was known as the Halabja events, which will be the subject of our research, the Halabja massacre, which took place at the end of the first Gulf War or what is known as the Iran-Iraq war from 16-17 March 1988, the killing of Kurdish civilians and the use of chemical weapons against them and the effects of a war The first Gulf and the breach of the international treaty through the use of chemical weapons that are banned internationally, as well as international reports on human rights violations in Halabja, which left about 5,000 martyrs, most of whom are residents of the region, and we will also clarify who is responsible for the events of Halabja, and the truth can be highlighted through documents and evidence The editorial in the Halabja case, where these documents included information about chemical weapons in handwriting and not in a printer to evade responsibility. The document talks about the production and accumulation of chemical agents by the former regime and the intention of the former regime to strike them when necessary, in addition to other documents that we will address through the research, There is also an appendix with the names of a number of companies involved in supplying the government at that time with unconventional weapons, including missile weapons and other weapons Chemical materials and advanced technology, and this is very clear in the violation of human rights by extremely barbaric repressive methods and means, and northern Iraq has become the scene of these crimes that have been circulated between international press agencies and television screens, articles, photos and documentaries expressing the horror of the calamity and the magnitude of the tragedy. Well-known international documents and documents and what Halabja has been exposed to are classified within the concept of genocide wars. This type of war is not attended by all international laws and segments only, but also the simplest rules of behavior and human and civilized interaction between people belonging to the human race.
We will also show the issue of Halabja in the corridors of the Iraqi Parliament, which was during the session on 7/3/2011 of the second electoral cycle, the first legislative year, the second legislative term in the Iraqi Council of Representatives, held in Baghdad, by submitting a proposal to the Council of Representatives regarding the position of the House of Representatives regarding the crime of bombing Halabja with chemical weapons.

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References:

قائمة المصادر والمراجعة

ــ عارف ، بكر حمه صديق
* حلبجة في مواجهة سموم الموت
- عبد القادر ، احمد خالد
* حرب الابادة الجماعية ضد الشعب العراقي والقانون الدولي المعاصر 1989
- هاجر ، ختال
* رسالة ماجستير تدخل الامم المتحدة لوقوف لانتهاكات حقوق الانسان في كردستان العراق عام 1991 ،جامعة باجي مختار عنابة /كلية الحقوق 2010
- حسن ، ضاحي
* مقال حكاية المذبحة التي حاول الغرب تجاهلها ،التايمز بي بي سي – لندن /18يناير كانون الثاني 2010 .
الموقع www.bbc.com/arabic
- العبيدي ، محمد
* مقال ماذا جرى في مدينة حلبجة الكردية 1988؟ حقائق لايعرفها الناطقون بالعربية 18/10/2010 .
الموقع http://www.grenc.com/sfiles/sadam/sadam-h.cfm.
- صحيفة المدى
* مقال مدينة حلبجة تاريخ عريق ، العدد 3031 في 14/3/2014 .
الموقع https://almad apaper.net

- النصاري، محمد
* مقال العراقيون يحيون الذكرى الـ 33 لفاجعة حلبجة ، جريدة الصباح ، العدد 5067 في 17 اذار 2021 .
موقع www.alsabaah.iq
-هانس ، اينغاروغ
* مقال الاكراد اطراف في الصراعات الدائرة في العراق وضحايا لها ، مراسلة يومية نيوزورزيتونغ السويسرية .

Published
2022-08-29